Re-order Paragraphs

Recently more research has focused on the relationship between color and psychological functioning.

_____ (Q) Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as

indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures.

_____ (R) Four experiments, in fact, demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important

test (e.g., an IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place outside of

participants’ conscious awareness.

_____ (S) Red impairs performance on achievement tasks, because red is associated with the danger of

failure in achievement contexts and evokes avoidance motivation.

_____ (T) All of these findings suggest that care must be taken in how red is used in achievement

contexts and illustrate how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important influences

on behavior.

_____ (U) Indeed, startling findings occurred in regard to the relationship between red and

performance attainment.

2,5,3,1,4

Recently more research has focused on the relationship between color and psychological functioning.

_____ (Q) Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as

indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures.

_____ (R) Four experiments, in fact, demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important

test (e.g., an IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place outside of

participants’ conscious awareness.

_____ (S) Red impairs performance on achievement tasks, because red is associated with the danger of

failure in achievement contexts and evokes avoidance motivation.

_____ (T) All of these findings suggest that care must be taken in how red is used in achievement

contexts and illustrate how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important influences

on behavior.

_____ (U) Indeed, startling findings occurred in regard to the relationship between red and

performance attainment.

4,3,2,5,1

In one of the standard methods of primitive potters, rings or coils of clay are built up from a

circular base.

_____ (Q) It is not known when or where the potter’s wheel was introduced.

_____ (R) When a pot is built up from the base by hand, it is impossible that it will be perfectly

round.

_____ (S) The walls of the pot are then smoothed and thinned (by simultaneous pressure on the

inner and outer surfaces) before being fired in a bread oven or in the most elementary of kilns – a

hole in the ground, above which a bonfire is lit.

_____ (T) The solution to this problem is the potter’s wheel, which has been a crucial factor in the

history of ceramics.

_____ (U) Indeed it is likely that it developed very gradually, from a platform on which the potter

turns the pot before shaping another side (thus avoiding having to walk around it).

Pottery: –>4,2,1,3,5

In 1381, some 35 years after the Black Death had swept through Europe decimating over

one third of the population, there was a shortage of people left to work the land.

_____ (Q) In addition to this, extra revenue was required to support a long and drawn out

war with the French, and so a poll tax was introduced.

_____ (R) Recognizing the power of ‘supply and demand’, the remaining peasants began

to re-evaluate their worth and subsequently demanded higher wages and better working

conditions.

_____ (S) Not surprisingly the government of the day, comprised mainly of the land-

owning Bishops and Lords, passed a law to limit any such wage rise.

_____ (T) Things appear to have come to a head when in May 1381 a tax collector arrived

in the Essex village of Fobbing to find out why the people there had not paid their poll tax

and the villagers promptly threw him out

_____ (U) It was the third time in four years that such a tax had been applied and this

crippling tax meant that everyone over the age of 15 had to pay one shilling – a significant

amount to the average farm laborer!

Peasant’s revolt of 1381 —-> 3,1,2,5,4

We need marine algae a whole lot more than they need us.

_____ (Q) Trees and other land plants are very important, no doubt about it.

_____ (R) Think about it, 70 to 80 percent of all the oxygen we breathe comes from algae!

_____ (S) Without them we would really be sucking wind, but not for long!

_____ (T) But for pure survival, we couldn’t make it without algae.

_____ (U) At this point, you may be saying, “Yo! What about the trees and other land plants?”

Q=4, R=1, S=2, T=5, U=3

Tim Beatley has long been a leader in advocating for the “greening” of cities.

_____ (Q) While these are important aspects of re-imagining urban living, they are not enough, says

Beatley.

_____ (R) But too often, he notes, urban greening efforts focus on everything except nature.

_____ (S) And any vision of a sustainable urban future must place its focus squarely on nature, on the

presence, conservation, and celebration of the actual green features and natural life forms.

_____ (T) Instead, elements such as public transit, renewable energy production, and energy efficient

building systems are emphasized.

_____ (U) We must remember that human beings have an innate need to connect with the natural

world (the biophilia hypothesis).

Q=3, R-1, S=5, T=2, U=4

In mid-19th century America, most abolitionists were willing to move slowly toward their goal of ending

slavery.

_____ (Q) John Brown saw the cause in a different light.

_____ (R) Brown was unrepentant at trial, stating: “Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit

my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my

children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked,

cruel, and unjust enactments, I submit; so let it be done.”

_____ (S) After U.S. Marines (commanded by Robert E. Lee) stormed the armory, a wounded Brown was

captured.

_____ (T) He thought that “slavery, throughout its entire existence in the United States, is none other

than the most barbarous, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of one portion of its citizens against

another portion,” and he was willing to pursue just about any means at his disposal to stop the

practice.

_____ (U) On October 16, 1859, Brown, hoping to obtain weapons for a slave uprising, led a raid on the

federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), but Brown and his men were surrounded

before they could escape.

Q=1, R=5, S=4, T=2, U=3

By the age of 33 Ghazali was appointed a professor in Baghdad, where he

became recognized as an authority on canon law.

_____ (Q) His greatest work of synthesis was in The Revivification of the

Religious Sciences, which also argues that only the Sufi emphasis on inner

devotion can fulfill the strict demands of the Qur’an.

_____ (R) In spite of his success, Ghazali entered a period of spiritual

crisis.

_____ (S) Therefore, in 1095 Ghazali became a wandering ascetic, returning to

the Sufism of his youth, spending 11 years in meditation and retirement,

until a Sultan persuaded him to teach again.

_____ (T) As he wrote in his autobiography: “I examined my motives in my work

of teaching, and realized that it was not a pure desire for the things of

God, but that the impulse moving me was the desire for an influential

position and public recognition.”

_____ (U) In the public teachings and writings which followed his retirement,

Ghazali set forth a synthesis of orthodox theology and mysticism.

Q= 5, R=1, S=3, T=2, U=4

Perhaps Jeff Koons’ most famous work of art is his ‘balloon dog,’ a giant polished steel structure

which looks like a long inflated balloon twisted and shaped into the image of a dog.

_____ (Q) The Balloon Dog is, in fact, ‘eternally optimistic’ while simultaneously creating a

dialogue between its interior and exterior surroundings through its reflective surfaces.

_____ (R) Indeed, he reveals that the design inspiration for his inflatable pieces stems from the

human body and how a breath of air can become a symbol of optimism.

_____ (S) Jeff Koons has, in fact, been into ‘inflatable’ art since the beginning of his career as an

artist.

_____ (T) The huge reflective surfaces give the dog a light, airy balloon feel, while, in reality, the

sculpture weighs an immense amount.

_____ (U) He often speaks about the concept of inflatable objects and their symbolic meaning for

life itself.

Balloon Dog: 4,3,1,5,2

While A Love Supreme is a recognized musical masterpiece, it had enormous personal significance

for Coltrane.

_____ (Q) In the spring of 1957, his dependence on drugs and alcohol lost him one of the best jobs

in jazz.

_____ (R) Alternately catatonic and brilliant, Coltrane’s behavior and playing became increasingly

erratic and Davis fired him after a live show that April.

_____ (S) Soon after, Coltrane resolved to clean up his act.

_____ (T) He was playing sax and touring with Miles Davis’ popular group when he became

unreliable and strung out.

_____ (U) He would later write, in the 1964 liner notes to A Love Supreme, “In the year of 1957, I

experienced, by the grace of God, a spiritual awakening, which was to lead me to a richer, fuller,

more productive life.”

John Coltrane 1,3,4,2,5

1. Scientists that have been studying sleep have determined that teens need more sleep

than they currently get.

A. At school, teens have difficulty with complex thought because many of them do not get enough

sleep each night.

B. Research determined that sleep is necessary to help with creating memories and solving problems.

C. To help teens get more sleep, many schools are pushing back their start times so their students

perform better.

D. Along with difficulty thinking, teens who do not get enough sleep can have more stress in their

lives, simply due to an increase in cortisol, the hormone that causes stress.

E. In response to the high levels of stress in the body, teens also act impulsively and they can lose

their sense of humor.

. B A D E C

2. Concussion laws are changing the way that many sports are played, but many people do

not know very much about concussions at all.

A. While the intensity of the impact may or may not cause a concussion, researchers have found that

when athletes are hit on the top of the head they are more likely to suffer from a concussion.

B. Many people believe that concussions only occur when athletes are hit on the head.

C. In reality, concussions can occur if direct impact occurs on the face or neck as well as anywhere

else that the force can be sent to the head.

D. Due to the uncertainty of whether or not an impact has actually caused a concussion is the major

reason why concussion laws have been enacted.

E. One of the scariest things about concussions is that they happen with varying degrees of impact.

B C E A D

3. Homecoming celebrations have been held at colleges and high schools across the United

States since the mid-1800s.

A. Even though other schools think they had homecoming games prior to Missouri, the reason that

Missouri has the title is because the athletic director invited alumni to come home to see a big game

between Kansas and Missouri in 1911.

B. Despite the NCAA giving Missouri the official designation of having the first homecoming, Baylor

University claims one of the earliest homecomings with activities for alumni that included an afternoon

football game along with reunion parties and a parade.

C. The actual origins of the traditional event are unknown, but the the University of Missouri is the

homecoming birthplace as stated by the NCAA.

D. The first true homecoming may never be known, but what is known for sure is that most colleges

and high schools did not hold homecoming celebrations in 1918 due to World War I.

E. The University of Illinois also claims to have had an earlier homecoming celebration than the one in

Missouri.

C B E A D

4. William Howard Taft was an unlikely president who served from 1909 until 1913.

A. The biggest weakness was that he was morbidly obese weighing in at 335 pounds on his 6 foot 2

frame.

B. His obesity caused him to suffer from health problems like sleep apnea.

C. Despite his strengths, he had many weaknesses.

D. It also caused him to get stuck in the White House bathtub, which prompted him to have a tub

installed that could fit four fully grown men.

E. As president, he was knowledgeable about the law and fighting for the good of the country.

E C A B D

5. The Apollo Space Program was one of the most important scientific programs in the

history of the United States.

A. The first Apollo missions was manned, but never left the ground due to a fire that ended the life of

Gus Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee.

B. The highlight of the program was Apollo 11, which was the flight where Neil Armstrong, Michael

Collins, and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in the Sea of Tranquility.

C. After several test launches, the seventh mission, called Apollo 7, resulted in the first manned orbit

of the Earth.

D. Even though the mission did not go as planned, Apollo 13 showed the world what NASA was made

of as scientists worked together to bring three astronauts on a heavily damaged orbiter safely back to

Earth.

E. Following the Apollo 1 disaster, NASA scientists had to reevaluate the safety of the program.

A E C B D

a. For a lightweight poster or sign, you can use either offset book stock or cover stock.

b. You’ll probably have to take your publication to a commercial printer, however, since bristol won’t

feed through most desktop printers or copy machines.

c. The type of paper you choose for a poster or a sign depends on how it will be reproduced and how it

is going to be used.

d. If you need to create a more durable poster or sign, or create packaging, bristol stock is your best

choice.

e a d b c

a. It’s rare, but not unheard of, for mail to go astray.

b. And many corporate mail servers have had growing pains, too, experiencing holdups and the odd

deletion.

c. On the whole though, you can assume email will arrive.

d. However during 1997, AOL and Microsoft Network – to name just the big players – had severe mail

outages resulting in the delay, and in some cases loss, of email.

e. In general Internet email is considerably more reliable than the postal service.

c a e b f d

a. Time may indicate the importance of the occasion as well as on what level an interaction between

persons is to take place.

b. The same applies for calls after 11:00 P.M.

c. Different parts of the day, for example, are highly significant in certain contexts.

d. Our realisation that time talks is even reflected in such common expressions as, “What time does the

clock say?”

e. In the United States if you telephone someone very early in the morning, while he is shaving or having

breakfast, the time of the call usually signals a matter of utmost importance and extreme urgency.

f. A call received during sleeping hours is apt to be taken as a matter of life and death, hence the rude

joke value of these calls among the young.

a. But modern anthropology stands opposed to the view that anatomy is destiny.

b. Men are taller, heavier, and stronger than women; hence it is “natural” that hunting and warfare

should be male specialities.

c. Men have higher levels of testosterone; hence they are “naturally” more aggressive, sexually and

otherwise, and are “naturally” dominant over women.

d. Since differences in the anatomy and physiology of human males and females are so obvious it is easy

to be misled into believing that sex-linked roles and statuses are primarily biological rather than cultural

phenomena.

e. As the underlying demographic, technological, economic, and ecological conditions to which these

sex-linked roles are adapted change, new cultural definitions of sex-linked roles will emerge.

f. Moreover since women menstruate, become pregnant, and lactate, they “naturally” are the ones to

stay at home to care for and feed infants and children.

g. Nor are women born with an innate tendency to care for infants and children and to be sexually and

politically subordinate.

h. Rather it has been the case that under a broad but finite set of cultural and natural conditions certain

sex-linked specialities have been selected for in a large number of cultures.

i. Males are not born with an innate tendency to be hunters or warriors or to be sexually and politically

dominant over women.

bdeac

A: When this bank was founded in 1695, Scots coinage was in short supply and of uncertain value,

compared with English, Dutch, Flemish or French coin.

B: In most countries it is only the government, through their central banks, who are permitted to issue

currency.

C: To face growth of trade it was deemed necessary to remedy this lack of an adequate currency.

D: But in Scotland three banks are still allowed to issue banknotes.

E: The first Scottish bank to do this was the Bank of Scotland.

daebc

A: These markets had become rapidly dominated by powerful enterprises who were able to act in their

own interests, against the interests of both workers and consumers.

B: Mill was able to see an expanded role for the State in such legislation to protect us against powerful

interests.

C: He was able to argue that the State was the only organ that was genuinely capable of responding to

social needs and social interests, unlike markets.

D: Markets may be good at encouraging innovation and following trends, but they were no good at

ensuring social equality.

E: There had already been some legislation to prevent such abuses – such as various Factory Acts to

prevent the exploitation of child workers.